| Process | Size Range | ||
| OD | WT | ID | |
| Hot Rolling | 25 mm ~ 530 mm | 3 mm ~ 130 mm | / |
| Normal Cold Drawing | 4 mm ~ 325 mm | 0.5 mm ~ 30 mm | / |
| High Precision Cold Drawing | / | / | / |
| Cold Rolling | 4 mm ~ 273 mm | 0.3 mm ~ 25 mm | / |
| Hot Expansion | 245 ~ 1020 mm | 6 mm ~ 80 mm | / |
| Hot Extrusion | 530 mm ~ 1420 mm | 40 mm ~ 300 mm | / |
| Honing | / | 3.5 mm ~ 40 mm | 30 mm ~ 400 mm |
| Process | Tolerance | |||||
| OD | ID | WT (Normal) | WT (High Precision) | |||
| Hot Rolling | ±1% | / | +12.5%/-10% | ±10% | ||
| Normal Cold Drawning | ±0.1 ~ 0.5 mm | ±0.1 ~ 0.5 mm | ±10% | ±7.5% | ||
| High Precision Cold Drawing | ±0.05 mm ~ 0.3 mm | ±0.05 mm ~ 0.5 mm | ±0.05 ~ 0.3 mm (maximum ±7.5%) | |||
| Cold Rolling | Two-roll Mill | Three-roll Mill | Two-roll Mill | Three-roll Mill | ±0.05 mm ~ 0.3 mm, maximum ±7.5% | |
| ±0.05 ~ 0.2 mm | ±0.025 mm ~ 0.1 mm | ±0.05 ~ 0.2 mm | ±0.025 mm ~ 0.1 mm | |||
| Hot Expansion | ±1.25% | / | / | ±10 ~ 15% | ||
| Hot Extrusion | ±1% | / | / | +12.5%/-10%, or ±10% | ||
| Honing | ±0.1 mm ~ ±0.5 mm | H8,H9,H10 | ≤ 120 mm | ±5% | ||
| ≥ 120 - 210 mm | ±7.5% | |||||
| > 210 mm | ±10% | |||||
| Process | Length | Straightness |
| Hot Rolling | 6000 mm +0 ~ 10 mm, Cut-to-length over 6000 mm +0 ~ 15 mm | ≤3 mm/m |
| Normal Cold Drawning | 6000 mm +0 ~ 5 mm, above 6000 mm +0 ~ 10 mm | 1 mm/m |
| High Precision Cold Drawing | 6000 mm +0 ~ 5 mm, above 6000 mm +0 ~ 10 mm | 0.5 ~ 1.0 mm/m |
| Cold Rolling | 6000 mm +0 ~ 5 mm, above 6000 mm +0 ~ 10 mm | 0.5 mm ~ 1.0 mm/m |
| Hot Expansion | 6000 mm +0 ~ 10 mm, above 6000 mm +0 ~ 15 mm | ≤3 mm/m |
| Hot Extrusion | +0 ~ 15 mm | Less than or equal to 0.1% of the pipe length |
| Honing | / | 0.5 mm ~ 1.0 mm/m |
| Process | Concentricity | Surface Roughness |
| Hot Rolling | / | / |
| Normal Cold Drawning | ±7.5% | / |
| High Precision Cold Drawing | 0.05 mm ~ 0.3 mm (maximum ±7.5%) | 0.8 ~ 1.6 μm |
| Cold Rolling | 0.05 ~ 0.3 mm, maximum ±7.5% | 0.8 ~ 1.2 μm |
| Hot Expansion | / | / |
| Hot Extrusion | / | / |
| Honing | / | 0.4 μm |
1. Is steel tubing cold-formed?
Welded tubing can be either hot or cold-formed, and the finished results will differ depending on how it's been prepared – for example, cold-formed stainless steel has a smoother finish and closer tolerances than hot-formed stainless steel.
2.What is cold-formed steel?
Cold-formed steel (CFS) is the common term for steel products shaped by cold-working processes carried out near room temperature, such as rolling, pressing, stamping, bending, etc. Stock bars and sheets of cold-rolled steel (CRS) are commonly used in all areas of manufacturing.
3.Is cold-formed steel better?
CFS as a construction material has many advantages. For example, CFS doesn't shrink or split, won't absorb moisture, and resists warping, termites, and fire. As a uniformly manufactured product, the quality of CFS is very consistent.
4.How long does cold-formed steel last?
With the proper coating and construction techniques, the protective barrier over cold-formed steel will last nearly 700 years, even under extreme conditions such as near aggressive salt-laden waters.
5.What are the benefits of cold steel?
The Top 5 Reasons To Use Cold-Formed Steel Framing
1 – Cost-Effective. ...
2 – Durable. ...
3 – Sustainable. ...
4 – Non-Combustible and Resilient. ...
5 – Easy to install.