European H-beams (IPE/IPN/HEM profiles) primarily use two core steel grades per EN 10025-2: S235JR and S355JR-directly aligning with China's GB Q235B and Q355B, respectively.
S235JR: Equivalent to GB Q235B, designed for light-load applications (residential framing, small warehouses). Key properties: 235 MPa minimum yield strength (≤16 mm), 360–510 MPa tensile strength, 26% elongation (over 50 mm), and 27 J impact energy at +20°C. Chemically, it limits carbon to 0.24% (max), manganese to 0.40–1.20%, and phosphorus/sulfur to 0.045% (max each)-matching Q235B's composition for weldability with E4313 electrodes.
S355JR: Equivalent to GB Q355B, used for heavy-load structures (bridges, high-rises). Properties: 355 MPa yield strength (≤16 mm), 470–630 MPa tensile strength, 21% elongation, and 27 J impact energy at +20°C. Its chemical limits (C: 0.24% max, Mn: 1.00–1.60%, P/S: 0.035% max) mirror Q355B, ensuring compatibility with E5015 consumables.
For cold climates, European grades offer upgrades: S235J0 (27 J at 0°C, Q235C equivalent) and S355J2 (27 J at -20°C, Q355D equivalent). These grades use trace nickel (0.5–1.0%) to enhance low-temperature toughness, meeting GB's cold-region requirements without design overhauls.