What is the minimum yield strength of common foreign UB steel grades?

The most widely used foreign UB steel grade, S355JR (per EN 10025-2), has a minimum yield strength of 355 MPa (hence "355" in its designation). This is significantly higher than the 235 MPa yield strength of S235JR (the entry-level structural steel), making S355JR suitable for heavy-load applications (e.g., multi-story building columns, bridge girders). For low-temperature environments, S355J0 (355 MPa yield, tested at 0°C) and S355J2 (355 MPa yield, tested at -20°C) are used. Higher-grade UB steel like S460NL has a 460 MPa minimum yield strength, designed for ultra-heavy loads (e.g., industrial cranes). Yield strength is verified via tensile testing of batch samples, with results documented in material certificates to ensure compliance with EN standards.