Carbon and phosphorus elements in alloy steel
Carbon in steel can increase the strength and hardness of the steel, but can reduce its plasticity and toughness. Al, Ti, Ni, etc. can form nitrides and carbides in steel, which prevent the growth of grains when the steel is heated, and play a role in refining the grains, thereby improving the plasticity and toughness of the steel, and reducing the stress of the steel. of cold brittleness.
Phosphorus and P elements can significantly reduce the plasticity and toughness of steel, especially at low temperatures. This phenomenon is called cold brittleness. In high-quality steel, sulfur and phosphorus must be strictly controlled, but on the other hand, in low-carbon Steel contains high levels of sulfur and phosphorus, which can make it easy to break during cutting, which is beneficial to improving the machinability of steel.
Phosphorus is brought into steel from ores, and is generally said to be a harmful element. Although phosphorus can increase the strength and hardness of steel, it causes a significant decrease in plasticity and impact toughness. Especially at low temperatures, it makes the steel significantly brittle. This phenomenon is called "cold brittleness." Cold brittleness deteriorates the processing and weldability of the steel. The higher the phosphorus content, the greater the cold brittleness, so the steel containing phosphorus is Quantity control is stricter.
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